Prosečne plate u EU 2022. godine značajno variraju po regionima, sa visokim vrednostima u zapadnoj Evropi i nižim vrednostima u istočnoj Evropi. Skandinavske zemlje, Luksemburg, Austrija i Irska pokazuju najveće prosečne plate, dok balkanske i istočnoevropske zemlje poput Bugarske i Rumunije pokazuju niže vrednosti.
U 2022. godini, prosečna godišnja prilagođena plata sa punim radnim vremenom za zaposlene u EU iznosila je 35.329 evra (za evrozonu 39.082 evra). Eurostat prvi put objavljuje ovaj indikator (kombinaciju nacionalnih računa i podataka iz Ankete o radnoj snazi). Direktiva o plavoj karti propisuje korišćenje ovog indikatora za određivanje prosečne bruto godišnje zarade za svaku državu članicu EU i izdavanje radnih dozvola visokokvalifikovanim radnicima. Direktiva ima za cilj da privuče visokokvalifikovane radnike u EU pod fleksibilnijim uslovima prijema, sa poboljšanim pravima i mogućnošću lakšeg prelaska u drugu državu članicu EU za nosioce plave karte EU.
Tržište rada u EU ne pokazuju potpunu fleksibilnost ni posle dve ipo decenije od formalnog započinjanja regionalne integracije. Mobilnost radnika i njihove zarade značajno se razlikuju između zemalja članica, koje odražavaju nivoe ekonomskog razvoja, troškove života i nacionalne poreske sisteme. Tako da možemo govoriti o delimičnoj ne potpunoj konvergenciji. U poređenju sa 2002. godinom, kada je euro postao deo celog sistema, manje ekonomije su ostvarivale veće stope rasta zarada (najviše zemlje jugo-istočne Evrope, potom Baltičke zemlje, i zemlje centralne Evrope, redom posmatrane) od razvijenih zemalja članica EU (dominiraju Luksemburg i Skandinavske zemlje, Nemačka i Francuska su na nivou Evro zone, dok je Italija ispod proseka). Grčka ostvaruje najniži rast prosečne bruto godišnje zarade u EUu posmatranom periodu, svega 8,84%.
Prosečne plate utiču na migracione tokove unutar Evrope, jer radnici traže bolje uslove života i veće prihode seleći se u zemlje sa višim platama. Kod razvijenih ekonomija zarade odražavaju visok životni standard zemlje, visok nivo prihoda i troškova života, stabilnost i zrelost njihovih ekonomija. U nordijskim zemljama prosečne platu prate jake socijalne garancije i visoki porezi.
Izvor: Eurostat
Average salaries in the EU in 2022 vary significantly by region, with high values in Western Europe and lower values in Eastern Europe. Scandinavian countries, Luxembourg, Austria and Ireland show the highest average salaries, while Balkan and Eastern European countries such as Bulgaria and Romania show lower values.
In 2022, the average annual adjusted full-time salary for EU employees was €35,329 (€39,082 in the Eurozone). Eurostat publishes this indicator for the first time (a combination of national accounts and data from the Labor Force Survey). The Blue Card Directive prescribes the use of this indicator for determining the average gross annual salary for each EU member state and issuing work permits to highly qualified workers. The directive aims to attract highly qualified workers to the EU under more flexible admission conditions, with improved rights and the possibility of an easier transition to another EU member state for EU blue card holders.
The labor market in the EU does not show complete flexibility even after two and a half decades since the formal beginning of regional integration. The mobility of workers and their earnings differ significantly between member countries, reflecting levels of economic development, costs of living and national tax systems. Therefore, we can talk about partial and not complete convergence. Compared to 2002, when the euro became part of the whole system, smaller economies achieved higher rates of wage growth (highest in the countries of Southeast Europe, followed by the Baltic countries and the countries of Central Europe, viewed in order) than the developed EU member states (dominated by Luxembourg and Scandinavian countries, Germany and France are at the level of the Eurozone, while Italy is below average). The lowest growth of the average gross annual salary in the EU in the observed period was achieved by Greece, only 8.84%.
Average wages affect migration flows within Europe, as workers seek better living conditions and higher incomes by moving to countries with higher wages. In developed economies, wages reflect the country’s high standard of living, high level of income and cost of living, stability and maturity of their economies. In the Nordic countries, the average salary is accompanied by strong social guarantees and high taxes.
Source: Eurostat