Struktura zaposlenosti u Srbiji uopšte ne odgovara potrebama i strukturi privrede. U tesnoj vezi sa privrednim karakteristikama, postavljenim ciljevima i sistemom obrazovanja jasan je pokazatelj stepena razvijenosti ekonomije.
Kroz prikazanu strukturu zaposlenih lica mogu se uočiti uzroci visoke nezaposlenosti u našoj privredi. Naime, postojeće kvalifikacije zaposlenih radnika i njihove veštine, pa i nezaposlenih na tržištu rada, ne odgovaraju potrebama privrede. Najveći problem za privredu predstavlja smanjenje učešća u zanimanjima inženjera (IT sektor), poljoprivrednika i zanatlija (malih preduzetnika). Sa druge strane, zabrinjava rast učešća administrativnih radnika i blagi rast u sektoru usluga (a koji ne odgovara rastućem učešću tercijarnog sektora). Deo usluga se danas vezuje i za poljoprivredu, te otuda mala odstupanja.
U posmatranom periodu dvostruko je povećano (iako nisko) učešće vojnih zanimanja u uslovima niskih budžetskih izdvajanja za relativno mali vojni kontigent.
Privredne karatkeristike, postaljveni razvojni ciljevi i obrazovna struktura ključni su za formiranje kritične mase radne snage koja će da omogući privredni rast.
Zaposlenost po zanimanjima je pokazatelj sa širokom primenom. Postoji veliko interesovanje za ovaj indikator i moguće ga je koristiti: 1) u analizi razlika u distribuciji zarada i primanja u vremenu i između grupa – npr. muškaraca i žena, 2) u analizi balansa ponude i tražnje na različitim tržištima rada, 3) kao osnovu za formulaciju i implementaciju ekonomskih i socijalnih politika, 4) za planiranje edukacije radne snage i treninga zanatskih (stručnih) kadrova, 5) za planiranje i donošenje odluka u vezi kadrovske politike i 6) za praćenje uslova rada.
Izvor: Anketa o radnoj snazi
The structure of employment in Serbia does not correspond to the needs and structure of the economy. Closely linked to economic characteristics, development objectives, and the education system, it represents a clear indicator of the level of economic development.
The presented occupational structure of employment reveals the underlying causes of high unemployment in the economy. Specifically, the existing qualifications and skills of employed workers – as well as those of the unemployed – do not match the needs of the economy. One of the most serious problems is the declining share of engineers (particularly in the IT sector), agricultural workers, and craftsmen (small entrepreneurs). At the same time, the growing share of administrative occupations and the modest increase in service-sector employment are concerning, as they do not reflect the expanding role of the tertiary sector. Part of the service sector is now linked to agriculture, which explains minor deviations.
During the observed period, the share of military occupations doubled (although it remains low), despite limited budget allocations and a relatively small military contingent.
Economic characteristics, defined development goals, and educational structure are crucial for creating a critical mass of labor capable of supporting economic growth.
Employment by occupation is an indicator with broad applicability. There is strong interest in this indicator, and it can be used: (1) to analyze differences in wage and income distribution over time and between groups (e.g., men and women); (2) to assess supply-demand balance in different labor markets; (3) as a basis for designing and implementing economic and social policies; (4) for planning workforce education and vocational training; (5) for human resource planning and decision-making; and (6) for monitoring working conditions.
Source: Labour Force Survey