Iako je osnovni cilj svake ekonomije puna zaposlenost, u srpskoj ekonomiji kao da je taj cilj zapostavljen. Umesto rasta zaposlenosti, poslednjih desetak godina u Srbiji stopa zaposlenosti ima negativan trend.
Podaci iz Akete o radnoj snazi pokazuju da se stopa zaposlenosti smanjuje u periodu 2000-2013. godina. Drugim rečima, 2000. godine polovina ukupnog stanovništva je bila zaposlena, dok je to u 2013. godini bilo svega 37,7%. Prvi udari tranzicije pokazali su svoje lice sa isticanjem prvih socijalnih programa privatizovanih preduzeća od 2004. godine. Dodatan pad stope zaposlenosti zabeležen je sa svetskom ekonomskom krizom koja je Srbiju pogodila 2009. godine.
U posmatranom periodu, stopa zaposlenosti je smanjena za 12,4 procentna poena, i to kod miškaraca za 13,9 procentnih poena, a žena za 11 procentnih poena.
Indikator stope zaposlenosti je pokazatelj sposobnosti ekonomije da obezbedi zapošljavanje u ekonomiji, a za mnoge zemlje (zemlje u razvoju i nerazvijene zemlje) daje jasniju sliku nego stopa nezaposlenosti. Zapravo, ova stopa pokazuje nesposobnost kreatora ekonomske politike u Srbiji da uposli jedan faktor proizvodnje – rad. Rad je postao važan faktor proizvodnje kada je izašao iz okvira fizičkog kapitala i prerastao u ljudski kapital. Napredne ekonomije pokazuju veliki stepen učešća rada u tehnološki intenzivnoj proizvodnji.
Napomena: Izračunava se kao odnos zaposlenog stanovništva i ukupnog stanovništva radnog uzrasta (15+ godina), a izražava se u procentima (%).
Izvor: Anketa o radnoj snazi
Although the primary objective of every economy is full employment, this goal appears to have been largely neglected in the Serbian economy. Instead of increasing employment, Serbia has experienced a negative employment rate trend over the past decade.
Data from the Labour Force Survey show that the employment rate declined throughout the period 2000–2013. In other words, in 2000, half of the total population was employed, while by 2013 this share had fallen to only 37.7%. The first shocks of the transition became visible with the introduction of social programmes in privatised enterprises starting in 2004. A further decline in the employment rate occurred during the global economic crisis, which affected Serbia in 2009.
Over the observed period, the employment rate decreased by 12.4 percentage points—by 13.9 percentage points for men and by 11 percentage points for women.
The employment rate indicator reflects an economy’s capacity to generate jobs and, for many countries (developing and less developed economies), provides a clearer picture than the unemployment rate. In fact, this indicator reveals the inability of economic policymakers in Serbia to effectively engage one of the key factors of production—labour. Labour became a crucial factor of production when it moved beyond the framework of physical capital and evolved into human capital. Advanced economies demonstrate a high share of labour in technologically intensive production.
Note: The employment rate is calculated as the ratio of the employed population to the total working-age population (15+ years) and is expressed as a percentage (%).
Source: Labour Force Survey