Pokretanje poslovanja jedan je od najjednostavnijih pokazatelja koliko neka zemlja podržava preduzetništvo, investicije i ekonomski rast. Zemlje koje pojednostavljuju procedure, smanjuju troškove i povećavaju pravnu sigurnost stvaraju uslove za brži razvoj poslovanja, veću zaposlenost i snažniji privredni rast. Srbija je relativno dobro pozicionirana na globalnom nivou (44. mesto, skor 75,7), ispred mnogih država članica EU, ali značajne administrativne i regulatorne prepreke i dalje postoje. Iskustva najuspešnijih ekonomija pokazuju da rast ne zavisi samo od investicionih podsticaja i subvencija, već i od sposobnosti građana i kompanija da brzo i efikasno pokrenu, prošire i vode poslovanje.
Kvalitet poslovnog okruženja postao je jedan od ključnih faktora konkurentnosti u savremenoj ekonomiji. Iako pristup kapitalu, tehnologiji i radnoj snazi ostaje važan, mogućnost efikasnog osnivanja i vođenja preduzeća često određuje da li će investicione prilike biti iskorišćene ili propuštene. Zbog toga Izveštaj Svetske banke o poslovanju ocenjuje ekonomije kroz dvanaest dimenzija koje direktno utiču na preduzetničku aktivnost: pokretanje poslovanja, zapošljavanje radnika, izdavanje građevinskih dozvola, pristup električnoj energiji, registraciju imovine, pristup finansiranju, zaštitu investitora, oporezivanje, prekograničnu trgovinu, javne nabavke, izvršenje ugovora i rešavanje nesolventnosti.
Najpovoljnije ekonomije za poslovanje i dalje su one koje kombinuju jednostavne procedure sa snažnim institucijama. Novi Zeland zauzima prvo mesto u svetu (skor 86,8), gde je moguće registrovati preduzeće za manje od jednog dana. Odmah iza njega nalazi se Singapur (86,2), zahvaljujući efikasnoj poreskoj administraciji i veoma razvijenim mehanizmima izvršenja ugovora. Značajan napredak ostvarile su i ekonomije u razvoju koje su reforme usmerile na praktične prepreke sa kojima se suočavaju preduzetnici. Mauricijus je, na primer, napredovao do 13. mesta (81,5) zahvaljujući pojednostavljenju građevinskih procedura i digitalizaciji administrativnih procesa, dok je Severna Makedonija dostigla 17. poziciju (80,7) reformama u oblasti poreza, regulacije rada i izvršenja ugovora.
Srbija zauzima relativno povoljnu poziciju (44. mesto, skor 75,7) i ostvaruje bolje rezultate od značajnog broja država članica EU. Ovakav rezultat podržan je unapređenjima u više oblasti. Procedure za izdavanje građevinskih dozvola pojednostavljene su kroz digitalne platforme i niže administrativne troškove. Pouzdanost snabdevanja električnom energijom poboljšana je modernizacijom trafostanica i sistema upravljanja mrežom. Zaštita manjinskih investitora unapređena je većim zahtevima za transparentnost, dok je poreska administracija postala efikasnija zahvaljujući bržem povraćaju PDV-a. Dodatni napredak ostvaren je u izvršenju ugovora kroz podsticanje medijacije i u postupcima rešavanja nesolventnosti kroz veću transparentnost i dostupnost informacija.
Ipak, određene slabosti i dalje ostaju. Regulativa tržišta rada i dalje je relativno rigidna u poređenju sa pojedinim konkurentskim ekonomijama. Pokretanje poslovanja postalo je složenije zbog dodatnih administrativnih zahteva, uključujući obavezne elektronske sertifikate i posebne procedure registracije stvarnih vlasnika. Iako ove mere mogu doprineti većoj kontroli i transparentnosti, one istovremeno povećavaju administrativno opterećenje za preduzetnike, posebno za mala preduzeća i startap kompanije.
Sa makroekonomskog aspekta, reforme poslovnog ambijenta imaju efekte koji prevazilaze pojedinačna preduzeća. Zemlje sa nižim ulaznim barijerama uglavnom beleže viši nivo preduzetništva, snažniji razvoj privatnog sektora, brže otvaranje novih radnih mesta i veće poreske prihode. Međunarodna iskustva takođe potvrđuju snažnu vezu između ekonomske otvorenosti i nižih troškova pokretanja poslovanja. Kako ekonomije postaju sve integrisanije u globalna tržišta, vlade su pod sve većim pritiskom da pojednostave procedure i uklone regulatorne prepreke.
Razlike između razvijenih i zemalja u razvoju i dalje su značajne. U ekonomijama sa visokim dohotkom prosečni trošak pokretanja poslovanja iznosi svega oko 4,2% dohotka po stanovniku. U zemljama sa niskim dohotkom preduzetnici često moraju da obezbede sredstva koja odgovaraju gotovo polovini godišnjeg dohotka po stanovniku pre nego što uopšte započnu poslovanje. Takve razlike direktno utiču na investicionu aktivnost, osnivanje novih preduzeća i dugoročni potencijal privrednog rasta.
Pouka je jednostavna: ekonomski rast ne zavisi samo od privlačenja velikih investitora. Održivi rast zavisi i od hiljada preduzetnika spremnih da preuzmu rizik, kreiraju radna mesta i razvijaju nove proizvode i usluge. Svaka nepotrebna procedura, kašnjenje ili administrativno opterećenje predstavlja skriveni porez na preduzetništvo. Zemlje koje uklanjaju takve prepreke ubrzavaju rast. One koje ih zadržavaju neminovno ga usporavaju.
Izvor: Svetska banka, Business Report
Napomena: Rang-lista ocenjuje ekonomije kroz 12 dimenzija koje utiču na lakoću poslovanja, preduzetništvo i razvoj privatnog sektora.
Starting a business is one of the simplest indicators of how much a country supports entrepreneurship, investment, and economic growth. Countries that simplify procedures, reduce costs, and increase legal certainty create conditions for faster business development, higher employment, and stronger economic growth. Serbia ranks relatively well globally (44th place, score 75.7), ahead of many EU member states, but significant administrative and regulatory barriers remain. Experience from the most successful economies shows that growth is not driven only by investment incentives and subsidies, but also by the ability of citizens and companies to start, expand, and operate businesses quickly and efficiently.
The quality of the business environment has become one of the key determinants of competitiveness in the modern economy. While access to capital, technology, and labor remains important, the ability to establish and operate a business efficiently often determines whether investment opportunities will be realized or lost. For that reason, the World Bank’s Doing Business Report evaluates economies through twelve dimensions that directly affect entrepreneurial activity: starting a business, employing workers, obtaining construction permits, access to electricity, property registration, access to finance, investor protection, taxation, cross-border trade, government contracting, contract enforcement, and insolvency resolution.
The world’s most business-friendly economies continue to be those that combine simple procedures with strong institutions. New Zealand ranks first globally (score 86.8), where a business can be established in less than a day. Singapore follows closely (86.2), benefiting from efficient tax administration and highly effective contract enforcement mechanisms. Significant progress has also been recorded in emerging and developing economies that have focused reforms on practical obstacles faced by entrepreneurs. Mauritius, for example, climbed to 13th place (81.5) through simplification of construction procedures and digitalization of administrative processes, while North Macedonia reached 17th position (80.7) through reforms in taxation, labor regulation, and contract enforcement.
Serbia occupies a relatively favorable position (44th place, score 75.7), performing better than a considerable number of EU member states. This result has been supported by improvements in several areas. Construction permitting procedures have been simplified through digital platforms and lower administrative fees. Electricity supply reliability has improved through modernization of substations and network management systems. Minority investor protection has been strengthened through greater transparency requirements, while tax administration has become more efficient through faster VAT refund procedures. Additional progress has been achieved in contract enforcement through mediation incentives and in insolvency procedures through greater transparency and access to information.
However, important weaknesses remain. Labor regulations continue to be relatively rigid compared to some competing economies. Starting a business has become more complex due to additional administrative requirements, including mandatory electronic certificates and separate beneficial ownership registration procedures. While these measures may improve oversight and transparency, they also increase administrative burdens for entrepreneurs, particularly small businesses and start-ups.
From a macroeconomic perspective, business climate reforms have effects that go far beyond individual companies. Countries with lower entry barriers generally record higher levels of entrepreneurship, stronger private-sector development, faster job creation, and higher tax revenues. International experience also confirms a strong relationship between economic openness and lower business start-up costs. As economies become more integrated into global markets, governments are increasingly pressured to simplify procedures and reduce regulatory obstacles.
Differences between developed and developing economies remain substantial. In high-income countries, the average cost of starting a business represents only about 4.2% of income per capita. In low-income economies, entrepreneurs often need resources equivalent to nearly 50% of annual income per capita before they can begin operating. Such differences directly affect investment activity, business creation, and long-term growth potential.
The lesson is straightforward: economic growth does not depend solely on attracting large investors. Sustainable growth also depends on thousands of entrepreneurs willing to take risks, create jobs, and develop new products and services. Every unnecessary procedure, delay, or administrative burden acts as a hidden tax on entrepreneurship. Countries that remove these barriers accelerate growth. Those that preserve them inevitably slow it down.
Source: World Bank, Business Report
Note: The ranking evaluates economies through 12 dimensions affecting the ease of doing business, entrepreneurship, and private-sector development.