Izveštaj Svetske banke o poslovanju za 2018. godinu (Doing Business 2018) ponovo je potvrdio da se samo strukturnim reformama može poboljšati poslovni ambijent u ekonomiji, i rang na svetskoj listi. Najpovoljniji, do sada, rezultat Srbije (rang 43 od 190 zemalja) je ohrabrujući za buduće investitore. Ostaje problem pada Bruto nacionalnog dohotka po glavi stanovnika (BND) na 5.280 dolara.
Srbija konačno može da se pohvali visokim nivoom poslovanja sa rangom 43 od 190 ekonomija, ali ne i nacionalnim dohotkom od 5280 dolara. Rezultat po rangu jeste daleko bolji nego recimo 2015. godine kada smo bili na 91 poziciji, ali je 2015. godine bruto nacionalni dohodak bio na 5730 dolara (2016. godine iznosio je 5800 dolara, a 2017. godine 5500 dolara). Strukturne reforme i pristup „stezanja kaiša“ pozitivno je uticao na strukturne probleme ekonomije ali je umanjio potrošnju i autput.
Srbija je među ekonomijama koje su sprovele reforme koje olakšavaju poslovanje u 3 od 10 oblasti. Najveći napredak ostvaren ja na polju Započinjanje posla (rang 32), Registracija imovine (rang 57), i Sprovođenje ugovora (rang 60). Olakšano je započinjanje poslovanja smanjenjem naknade za sertifikaciju potpisa i povećanjem efikasnosti registra, što je smanjilo vreme za registraciju preduzeća. Takođe, poboljšana je pouzdanost sistema upravljanja zemljištem primenom geografskog informacionog sistema. Konačno, olakšano je izvršenje ugovora usvajanjem novog zakona o izvršenju kojim se proširuju i razjašnjavaju odgovornosti izvršilaca kao i ovlašćenja sudova tokom procesa izvršenja.
Ipak, srpsko tržište odaje anomalije, jer i pored olakšica oko papirologije (5 različitih procedura) kod izdavanja građevinske dozvole potreban je dug period od 110 dana. Broj dana za registraciju imovine je 21 dan, iako daleko bolji rezultat nego prethodne godine kada je bilo potrebno čak 54 dana. Takođe, vreme kao važan resurs nepotrebno se troši na plaćanje poreskih dažbina (225 sati godišnje), kao i za dugotrajne trgovinske sporove (635 dana). Najveće prednosti ogledaju se u brzini osnivanja preduzeća, što treba da bude adut u privlačenju investicija. Ostaje da se vidi koliko ćemo imati uspeha, ili sreće.
U poređenju sa ekonomija iz okruženja po rangu ispred Srbije su Makedonija (11), Slovenija (37), Crna Gora (42), dok su lošije rangirane Rumunija (44), Mađarska (48), Bugarska (50), Hrvatska (51), Albanija (65), Bosna i Hercegovina (86).
The World Bank report on business conditions for 2018 (Doing Business 2018) once again confirmed that only structural reforms can improve the business environment in an economy and its position on the global ranking list. Serbia’s most favorable result so far (43rd out of 190 countries) is encouraging for future investors. However, the decline in Gross National Income (GNI) per capita to 5,280 USD remains a concern.
Serbia can finally boast a high level of business performance with a ranking of 43rd out of 190 economies, but not with a national income of 5,280 USD. The ranking result is significantly better than in 2015, when Serbia held the 91st position. However, in 2015 GNI amounted to 5,730 USD (5,800 USD in 2016 and 5,500 USD in 2017). Structural reforms and a “belt-tightening” fiscal approach positively affected structural problems within the economy but reduced consumption and output.
Serbia is among the economies that implemented reforms facilitating business in 3 out of 10 areas. The greatest progress was achieved in Starting a Business (rank 32), Registering Property (rank 57), and Enforcing Contracts (rank 60). Starting a business was facilitated by reducing signature certification fees and increasing registry efficiency, thereby shortening company registration time. The reliability of the land administration system was improved through the implementation of a geographic information system. Finally, contract enforcement was facilitated by adopting a new enforcement law that clarified and expanded the responsibilities of enforcement officers and court authorities during enforcement proceedings.
Nevertheless, the Serbian market still shows anomalies. Despite simplified procedures (five different procedures), obtaining a construction permit requires 110 days. Property registration takes 21 days, which is a significant improvement compared to the previous 54 days. Considerable time is still spent on paying taxes (225 hours annually) and resolving lengthy commercial disputes (635 days). The main advantage lies in the speed of company establishment, which should serve as a key asset in attracting investment. It remains to be seen how successful Serbia will be in leveraging this advantage.
Compared to neighboring economies, countries ranked ahead of Serbia include North Macedonia (11), Slovenia (37), and Montenegro (42), while lower-ranked countries include Romania (44), Hungary (48), Bulgaria (50), Croatia (51), Albania (65), and Bosnia and Herzegovina (86).