Bilansna aktiva bankarskog sektora značajno je povećana u periodu od 2004. do 2015. godine. U 2004. godini radile su 43 banke, dok je u 2015. godini njihov broj smanjen na 31. Rast aktive bio je veoma visok u prvim godinama posmatranog perioda (izražena kreditna aktivnost) i stopa rasta se sniažavala kako se povećavao njihov obim u narednim godinama (ulaganja u državne HoV).
Prema podacima Narodne banke Srbije, za 27 banaka koje su radile tokom čitavog posmatranog perioda ostvaren je rast bilansne aktive od 7.2 puta (sa 421 milijarde na 3023 mijiarde dinara). Rast bilansne aktive znači da je bankarski sektor u velikom procentu povećao sredstva koje je plasirao na tržištu kapitala.
Sa reformom bankarskog sektora krenuli su i bolji rezultati – racionalizacija u delu operativnih troškova, raznovrsnije poslovne aktivnosti i prečišćeni bilansi nakon višegodišnjih dubioza. Osnovni uzročnik rasta bilansne aktive bila je intenzivna kreditna aktivnost. Postojala je visoka likvidnost bankarskog sektra zahvaljujući visokom udelu likvidne imovine u ukupnoj imovini (oko 1/3). To je pozitivno uticalo na stabilnost bankarskog sektora uopšte.
U aktivi bankarskog sektora dominirali su krediti i potraživanja, sa gotovo 60% učešća. Rast sredstava banaka u Srbiji bio je rezultat rastućih (iz godine u godinu) ulaganja banaka u državne hartije od vrednosti i repo transakcije. Banke nisu bile spremne da ulažu u realan sektor, jer nisu bile volje da se izlažu rizičnim potraživanjima.
Izvor: Kalkulacija autora, podaci bilansa stanja banaka sa sajta NBS
Napomena: vrednosti (plavi stubići) na levoj skali su u hiljadama dinara; stope rasta (žute tačke) su prikazane na desnoj skali.
The balance sheet assets of the Serbian banking sector increased significantly in the period from 2004 to 2015. In 2004, there were 43 operating banks, while by 2015 their number had declined to 31. Asset growth was very high in the early years of the observed period, driven by strong credit activity, while the growth rate gradually slowed as the asset base expanded in subsequent years, primarily due to investments in government securities.
According to data from the National Bank of Serbia, for the 27 banks that operated throughout the entire observed period, total balance sheet assets increased by a factor of 7.2, from RSD 421 billion to RSD 3,023 billion. The growth of balance sheet assets indicates that the banking sector substantially increased the volume of funds placed in the capital market.
The reform of the banking sector was accompanied by improved performance, including rationalization of operating costs, more diversified business activities, and cleaned-up balance sheets following years of accumulated non-performing assets. The primary driver of balance sheet asset growth was intensive lending activity. The banking sector maintained high liquidity due to a large share of liquid assets in total assets (approximately one-third), which had a positive effect on the overall stability of the sector.
Loans and receivables dominated the asset structure of the banking sector, accounting for nearly 60% of total assets. The growth of banking assets in Serbia was also the result of increasing year-on-year investments in government securities and repo transactions. Banks were reluctant to invest in the real sector, as they were unwilling to expose themselves to risky claims.
Source: Author’s calculations, based on banks’ balance sheet data from the National Bank of Serbia
Note: Values (blue bars) on the left axis are expressed in thousands of dinars; growth rates (yellow dots) are shown on the right axis.