Gotovo celu prvu deceniju XXI veka u EU je zanemarivana produktivnost resursa. Sada je već kasno! Gotovo nemoguće uhvatiti korak sa brzorastućim ekonomijama poput Kine, Indije i dr. Za poslenjih 15 godina sasvim je jasno da je rast produktivnosti resursa posledica seljenja industrija u druge članice EU, ne napredovanja ekonomije.
Produktivnost resursa u ekonomiji EU povećana je za oko 52% od 2000. godine, najviše u Irskoj (3,3 puta), Španiji (2,2), Slovačkoj (2,2), Holandiji (2,1) i Češkoj (2). Oko 1/3 zemalja EU postigle su apsolutno razdvajanje korišćenja resursa od ekonomskih aktivnosti.
Od 2000. godine, produktivnost resursa gotovo da nije bila namerni stub ekonomskog rasta EU. Ako ništa drugo, bila je naknadna misao. Pa ipak, gotovo slučajno, produktivnost resursa EU je kumulativno porasla za oko 52% do 2024. godine. Ne zbog smelog strateškog pomeranja, već uglavnom zato što su krize primorale ekonomiju da se ponaša drugačije. Najveći dobici su se dogodili tokom i nakon globalne finansijske krize (2007–2008) i, u manjoj meri, tokom pandemije COVID-19 – perioda kada je BDP rastao brže od domaće potrošnje materijala, ne zato što je EU to tako planirala, već zato što je potrošnja padala brže od proizvodnje.
Na nivou zemalja, ironija se produbljuje. Produktivnost resursa jeste povećana u svim državama članicama EU između 2000. i 2024. godine, ali najveći dobici nisu došli iz najvećih ili najrazvijenijih ekonomija EU. Nemačka, Francuska i Italija nisu predvodile ovu transformaciju (premeštanja materijalno intenzivne proizvodnje). Umesto toga, najveći porast je zabeležen u Irskoj, Španiji, Slovačkoj, Češkoj, Sloveniji i Holandiji, gde se produktivnost resursa više nego udvostručila. Čak i tokom recesije izazvane COVID-19, zemlje poput Irske, Mađarske, Malte i Slovačke nastavile su da poboljšavaju svoje odnose. Zapravo, i pred efikasne strukture ekonomije, došlo je do izmeštanja materijalno izntenzivne proizvodnje u druge članice EU.
Ukratko, EU je poboljšala produktivnost resursa – ali uglavnom bez pokušaja, i često pomeranjem problema umesto njegovim rešavanjem.
Izvor: EUROSTAT
Napomena: Produktivnost resursa je ovde definisana kao odnos BDP i Domaće potrošnje materijala (DPM).
For almost the entire first decade of the 21st century, resource productivity was largely neglected in the EU. Now it is already too late. Catching up with fast-growing economies such as China, India, and others has become almost impossible. Over the past 15 years, it has become quite clear that the growth in resource productivity has primarily been the result of industrial relocation to other EU member states, rather than genuine economic advancement.
Since 2000, resource productivity in the EU economy has increased by approximately 52%, with the largest increases recorded in Ireland (3.3 times), Spain (2.2), Slovakia (2.2), the Netherlands (2.1), and the Czech Republic (2). About one-third of EU countries have achieved absolute decoupling of resource use from economic activity.
Since 2000, resource productivity has hardly been an intentional pillar of EU economic growth. If anything, it was an afterthought. Yet, almost accidentally, EU resource productivity cumulatively increased by around 52% by 2024 – not due to a bold strategic shift, but largely because successive crises forced the economy to behave differently. The largest gains occurred during and after the global financial crisis (2007-2008), and to a lesser extent during the COVID-19 pandemic – periods when GDP grew faster than domestic material consumption, not because the EU planned it that way, but because consumption declined faster than production.
At the country level, the irony deepens. Resource productivity increased in all EU member states between 2000 and 2024, but the largest gains did not originate in the largest or most developed EU economies. Germany, France, and Italy did not lead this transformation of relocating material-intensive production. Instead, the most significant increases were recorded in Ireland, Spain, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Slovenia, and the Netherlands, where resource productivity more than doubled. Even during the COVID-19-induced recession, countries such as Ireland, Hungary, Malta, and Slovakia continued to improve their ratios. In practice, despite apparently more efficient economic structures, material-intensive production was shifted to other EU member states.
In short, the EU improved resource productivity – but largely without intent, and often by shifting the problem rather than solving it.
Source: EUROSTAT
Note: Resource productivity is defined here as the ratio of GDP to Domestic Material Consumption (DMC).