Svaki peti radnik u OECD između 2015 i 2019. godine bio je zaposlen u zelenim zanimanjima. Kod pojedinih zemalja previše su zastupljena zelena zanimanja i koriste prednosti zelene tranzicije, dok su u drugim prezastupljena zanimanja sa intenzivnim emisijom gasova sa efektom staklene bašte pa su više izložene riziku zelene tranzicije.
Oko 20% radnika u zemljama OECD-a, između 2015. i 2019. godine, bilo je zaposleno u zelenim zanimanjima, u rasponu od oko 15% u Grčkoj do 25% u Estoniji. U proseku, oko 46% je zaposleno u zanimanjima sa zelenim veštinama (postojeća zanimanja čiji se set veština menja zbog tranzicije), a 40% u zanimanjima sa povećanom potražnjom za zelenim (postojeća zanimanja usled povećane potražnje, ali bez značajnih promena u zadacima ili zahtevima radnika), dok je samo 14% je zaposleno u zelenim novim zanimanjima i zanimanjima u nastajanju. Dakle, velika većina radnika zaposlenih u zelenim zanimanjima su zaposleni na poslovima koji nisu novi. U stvari, oko dva od pet ovih poslova čak ni ne doživljavaju velike promene u svojim radnim zahtevima.
Zanimanja koncentrisana u industrijama sa visokim emisijama zapošljavaju oko 6% radnika (oko 4% u Luksemburgu i preko 10% u Poljskoj). Udeo radnika zaposlenih u zanimanjima sa intenzivnim emisijom gasova sa efektom staklene bašte (oko 10%) je stoga znatno niži od udela radnika zaposlenih u zelenim zanimanjima. Međutim, veći je od udela radnika zaposlenih u novim i novim zanimanjima (2,9%). I zelena zanimanja i zanimanja sa GHG su rasprostranjenija u ruralnim nego u urbanim područjima. Među zemljama postoje značajne razlike po regionima sa većom incidencom zanimanja intenzivnih sa efektom staklene bašte u odnosu na regione sa većom učestalošću zelenih zanimanja. Stoga je potrebna ozbiljna akcije kreatora politike, kako bi se umanjili rizici na tržištu rada i ekonomske nejednakosti.
Zelena zanimanja su heterogena. Zelena nova i nova zanimanja su tipično visokokvalifikovani poslovi (tj. menadžeri, profesionalci i tehničari) i zapošljavaju visokoobrazovane radnike u urbanim sredinama. Druga zelena zanimanja su u proseku više sa srednjim i niskim veštinama i zapošljavaju više niskoobrazovanih radnika.
Izvor: OECD
Slika: Udeo zelenih poslova i poslova intenzivnih sa efektom staklene bašte, prosek 2015-19, procenti
One out of five worker in the OECD between 2015 and 2019 was employed in green jobs. In certain countries, green jobs are overrepresented and take advantage of the green transition, while in others, jobs with intensive emissions of greenhouse gases are overrepresented, so they are more exposed to the risk of the green transition.
Around 20% of workers in OECD countries, between 2015 and 2019, were employed in green jobs, ranging from around 15% in Greece to 25% in Estonia. On average, about 46% are employed green-enhanced skills jobs (existing jobs whose skill set changes due to transition) and 40% in green increased demand jobs (existing jobs due to increased demand but without significant changes in tasks or requirements workers), while only 14% are employed in green new and emerging jobs. Therefore, the vast majority of workers employed in green jobs are employed in jobs that are not new. In fact, about two out of five of these jobs don’t even experience major changes in their job requirements.
Jobs concentrated in high-emitting industries employ about 6% of workers (about 4% in Luxembourg and over 10% in Poland). The share of workers employed in GHG-intensive jobs (about 10%) is therefore significantly lower than the share of workers employed in green-driven jobs. However, it is higher than the share of workers employed in new and new jobs (2.9%).
Both Both green-driven and GHG-intensive jobs are more prevalent in rural than in urban areas. Among countries, there are significant differences in regions with a higher incidence of GHG-intensive jobs compared to regions with a higher incidence of green jobs. Therefore, serious actions by policy makers are needed to reduce labor market risks and economic inequalities.
Green jobs are heterogeneous. Green new and emerging jobs are typically high-skilled jobs (ie, managers, professionals, and technicians) and employ highly educated workers in urban areas. Other green-driven jobs are on average more middle- and low-skilled and employ more low-educated workers.
Source: OECD
Figure: Share of green-driven and GHG-intensive occupations, average 2015-19, Percentages